Bubble detachment is a critical phenomenon with significant implications for boiling heat transfer and water electrolysis. In this study, the growth and detachment behavior of bubbles injected through a nozzle were investigated using OpenFOAM, with particular focus on the effect of phase change. The results show that interfacial condensation significantly reduces the bubble detachment volume and prolongs the detachment time. In addition, condensation augments the curvature at the apex of the bubble and enhances contact pressure, leading to a further reduction in bubble volume during the necking stage. While necking time is governed by the Ohnesorge number with minimal difference between cases with and without phase change, the necking process follows distinct scaling laws: R_A∝τ^0.44 without phase change and R_B∝τ^0.47 with phase change, indicating that phase change still exerts subtle regulation on the necking process.
 

Phase change,Interfacial condensation,Bubble detachment,Bubble growth