Climate change characterized by accelerated global warming has intensified the extremeness of weather and climate. Countries worldwide are striving to address the extensive impacts and risk challenges of global climate change. Based on multiple key indicators calculated from comprehensive observations of the climate system, the global warming trend is ongoing. Monitoring results from the independent global land-ocean merged surface temperature dataset (CMA-GMST) show that the global average surface temperature in 2024 was the highest since 1850, and the past 10 years (2015-2024) have been the warmest decade on record, with this conclusion highly consistent with the other four IPCC-cited centennial climate sequences. This product is constructed from the monthly reconstructed land surface temperature (CMA-GLST) and sea surface temperature (CMA-SST) analyses. For the China region, a centennial homogenized instrumental temperature product that integrates abundant digital temperature observation data and has undergone strict quality control, missing value interpolation, and homogenization has been incorporated into this global temperature product. As a 2°×2° resolution global monthly gridded reconstruction product since 1850, it has an earlier update cycle than similar international products, providing independent monthly data support for global and regional climate change monitoring, assessment, and application.

Centennial-Scale, Global Surface Temperature, Climate change, Dataset