Accurate target detectability is a key requirement for ultrasonic sensing applications such as industrial inspection, structural health monitoring, underwater exploration and autonomous navigation. Material composition, geometry, surface features and ultrasonic scattering behavior play a significant role in target detectability. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for the target detectability assessment based on the ultrasonic scattering analysis of various target structures. The approach considered is an ultrasonic transmitter-receiver system to investigate the reflected and scattered echo signals from targets made of metal, plastic, wood and composite materials. Signal preprocessing techniques such as filtering, amplification and time-of-flight estimation are used to improve the quality of the echo, and then features are extracted to evaluate the scattering characteristics and target detectability. Experimental validation in a controlled laboratory environment was performed with multiple target structures at different distances. The proposed framework achieved a target detection accuracy of 98.2%, precision of 97.8%, recall of 97.5% and F1-score of 97.6%, and an average signal to noise ratio (SNR) enhancement of 14.8 dB. Moreover, the system achieved a detection probability of 98.6% with an average time-of-flight estimation error of less than 1.9%. The experimental results verify that the proposed ultrasonic scattering analysis can provide reliable target characterization, enhanced detectability and improved measurement accuracy, which makes it suitable for advanced ultrasonic sensing and non-destructive evaluation applications

Ultrasonic Scattering, Target Detectability, Time-of-Flight, Echo Signal Analysis, Signal Processing, Non-Destructive Testing, Ultrasonic Sensing, Target Characterization, Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Structural Inspection.