Seed sowing has become highly mechanized through the use of large-scale agricultural machinery. However, there remains a demand for compact, low-cost, and easy-to-operate seed sowing systems suitable for small-scale farming. This paper presents the design and implementation of a local IoT-based seed sowing robot with wireless remote control. The proposed robot integrates an ESP32-DevKitC V4 microcontroller, DC geared motors, ultrasonic and IR sensors, a seed hopper, a rotary seed metering wheel, a furrow opener, and a furrow closer. A smartphone application developed using React Native with the Expo framework enables wireless control of the robot through a Wi-Fi network, enabling local IoT communication with a communication range of up to 250 m, which is considerably longer than that of Bluetooth. Experimental results demonstrated that the robot produced furrows with an average depth of approximately 2 cm, achieved a seed dropping rate of 40 seeds/min, and attained a sowing efficiency of 92.31% during a 2 m field test. These results verify the feasibility of the proposed system for remotely controlled seed sowing and demonstrate its potential as a practical and economical solution for small-scale agricultural applications. Future work will focus on improving traction, seed spacing accuracy, and field robustness.

agricultural robot,seed sowing,local IoT,ESP32,wireless remote control,Wi-Fi,mobile application