The increasing realism of generative artificial intelligence has made video deepfake detection increasingly difficult under unseen manipulations, compression artifacts, partial facial alterations, and cross-domain distribution shifts. Existing methods largely rely on global binary classification or isolated spatial, frequency, and temporal representations, which can suppress subtle forensic evidence and limit generalization. To address these challenges, we propose a Hierarchical Forensic Evidence
Propagation Network (HFEP-Net) for generalizable video deepfake detection. HFEP-Net jointly learns object-, frame-, and video-level forensic representations and introduces a Forensic Evidence Representation (FER) to characterize anomaly scores, confidence, and uncertainty across semantic levels. An Evidence
Propagation Graph (EPG) hierarchically propagates reliable evidence, while Reliability-Guided Evidence Aggregation (RGEA) suppresses unreliable evidence caused by compression and do main shifts. A Cross-Level Evidence Consistency Loss (CECL) further enforces consistency among object-, frame-, and video level predictions. Experiments on FaceForensics++, Celeb-DF v2, DFDC, and DeeperForensics-1.0 demonstrate that HFEP-Net achieves 90.17% accuracy, 90.15% F1-score, 96.25% ROC-AUC, and 9.80% EER. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of reliability-guided hierarchical forensic evidence propagation for robust and generalizable video deepfake detection.
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