Frequency-Dependent Dielectric Characterization of Ammonia Contaminants for Real-Time Smart Aquaculture Systems
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更新:2026-11-10 16:41:42 浏览:11次
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摘要
This paper focuses on the continuous monitoring of ammonia levels in aquaculture water systems to support the maintenance of aquatic animal health. Ammonia is continuously produced in aquaculture systems by fish excretion. Ammonia is highly toxic to aquatic organisms at all concentrations and adversely affects fish health. This study presents a comprehensive, wideband dielectric measurement of aqueous ammonia (NH₃) solutions as a function of concentration (0.005%-0.1%) over a frequency range of 0.001-25 GHz. This study aims to develop an understanding of the frequency-dependent concentration behaviour of ammonia-water mixtures from an electromagnetic (EM) perspective and to identify the most suitable RF sensing regions for real-time monitoring in smart aquaculture. Monitoring ammonia levels will enable early detection, improved water quality management, reduced fish toxicity from ammonia, and ultimately better preservation of fish health and survival.
关键词
Aqueous ammonia, complex permittivity, dielectric relaxation, aquaculture monitoring, wideband characterisation.
稿件作者
Sakthi Abirami Balakrishnan
Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering
Devisowjanya P
Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
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