Electrochromic (EC) technologies hold great promise for energy-efficient displays, smart windows, and adaptive energy management. However, their broader applications remain challenged by unsatisfactory production cost, durability, color, and complex fabrication processes. Supramolecular interactions provide a powerful strategy to dynamically regulate molecular organization and electrochemical processes beyond conventional materials design.
Here, we present recent advances in supramolecularly engineered sustainable electrochromic materials and devices enabled by dynamic coordination[1,2], host–guest interactions[3], and molecular confinement strategies[4]. By regulating electroactive species and stabilizing colored states through supramolecular interactions, we have developed sustainable EC platforms featuring cost-effective fabrication, low-energy operation, and enhanced optical memory. These findings establish supramolecular interactions as a promising design principle for sustainable electrochromic materials and energy-efficient devices[5].

Fig. 1 Sustainable EC smart windows enabled by supramolecularly confined biomass-derived materials.
References

1. Y. Wang et al., Chem, 2021, 7, 1308.
2. Y. Wang et al., Advanced Materials, 2022, 34, 2104413.
3. Y. Wang et al., PNAS, 2024, 121, e2401060121.
4. Y. Wang et al., Advanced Materials, 2024, 36, 2403499.
5. Y. Wang et al., Chemical Society Reviews, 2025, 54, 3475-3512.

Supramolecular engineering; Sustainable electrochromics; Smart window